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基于Python模擬瀏覽器發(fā)送http請求

更新時間：2020年11月06日 12:00:17 作者：shuzihua

這篇文章主要介紹了基于Python模擬瀏覽器發(fā)送http請求,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價值,需要的朋友可以參考下

1.使用 urllib2 實(shí)現(xiàn)

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*- 

import urllib2
url="https://www.baidu.com"
req_header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
"Accept":"text/html;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Charset":"ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3",
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
"Connection":"close",
"Referer":None #注意如果依然不能抓取的話，這里可以設(shè)置抓取網(wǎng)站的host
}
req_timeout = 5
req = urllib2.Request(url,None,req_header)
resp = urllib2.urlopen(req,None,req_timeout)
html = resp.read()
print(html)

2.使用 requests 模塊

（1）.get請求

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com"
payload = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
r = requests.get(url, params=payload)
print r.text

（2）.post請求

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陸地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陸才能訪問的地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
      "Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
      "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
      "Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
      "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
      }
res1 = requests.post(url1, data=data, headers=headers)
res2 = requests.get(url2, cookies=res1.cookies, headers=headers)

print res2.content#獲得二進(jìn)制響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
print res2.raw#獲得原始響應(yīng)內(nèi)容,需要stream=True
print res2.raw.read(50)
print type(res2.text)#返回解碼成unicode的內(nèi)容
print res2.url
print res2.history#追蹤重定向
print res2.cookies
print res2.cookies["example_cookie_name"]
print res2.headers
print res2.headers["Content-Type"]
print res2.headers.get("content-type")
print res2.json#講返回內(nèi)容編碼為json
print res2.encoding#返回內(nèi)容編碼
print res2.status_code#返回http狀態(tài)碼
print res2.raise_for_status()#返回錯誤狀態(tài)碼

（3）.使用session對象的寫法

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
s = requests.Session()
url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陸地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陸才能訪問的地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
      "Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
      "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
      "Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
      "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
      }

prepped1 = requests.Request("POST", url1,
  data=data,
  headers=headers
).prepare()
s.send(prepped1)


"""
也可以這樣寫
res = requests.Request("POST", url1,
data=data,
headers=headers
)
prepared = s.prepare_request(res)
# do something with prepped.body
# do something with prepped.headers
s.send(prepared)
"""

prepare2 = requests.Request("POST", url2,
  headers=headers
).prepare()
res2 = s.send(prepare2)

print res2.content


"""另一種寫法"""
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
s = requests.Session()
url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陸地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陸才能訪問的頁面地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
      "Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
      "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
      "Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
      "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
      }
res1 = s.post(url1, data=data)
res2 = s.post(url2)
print(resp2.content)

3.其他的一些請求方式

>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
>>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
>>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
>>> r = requests.options(http://httpbin.org/get)

以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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