python如何提升爬蟲(chóng)效率

更新時(shí)間：2020年09月27日 14:44:14 作者：straightup

這篇文章主要介紹了python如何提升爬蟲(chóng)效率，幫助大家更好的理解和使用python 爬蟲(chóng)，感興趣的朋友可以參考下

單線程+多任務(wù)異步協(xié)程

協(xié)程

在函數(shù)(特殊函數(shù))定義的時(shí)候,使用async修飾,函數(shù)調(diào)用后,內(nèi)部語(yǔ)句不會(huì)立即執(zhí)行,而是會(huì)返回一個(gè)協(xié)程對(duì)象

任務(wù)對(duì)象

任務(wù)對(duì)象=高級(jí)的協(xié)程對(duì)象(進(jìn)一步封裝)=特殊的函數(shù)
任務(wù)對(duì)象必須要注冊(cè)到時(shí)間循環(huán)對(duì)象中
給任務(wù)對(duì)象綁定回調(diào):爬蟲(chóng)的數(shù)據(jù)解析中

事件循環(huán)

當(dāng)做是一個(gè)裝載任務(wù)對(duì)象的容器
當(dāng)啟動(dòng)事件循環(huán)對(duì)象的時(shí)候,存儲(chǔ)在內(nèi)的任務(wù)對(duì)象會(huì)異步執(zhí)行

特殊函數(shù)內(nèi)部不能寫(xiě)不支持異步請(qǐng)求的模塊,如time,requests...否則雖然不報(bào)錯(cuò)但實(shí)現(xiàn)不了異步

time.sleep -- asyncio.sleep
requests -- aiohttp

import asyncio
import time

start_time = time.time()
async def get_request(url):
  await asyncio.sleep(2)
  print(url,'下載完成!')

urls = [
  'www.1.com',
  'www.2.com',
]

task_lst = [] # 任務(wù)對(duì)象列表
for url in urls:
  c = get_request(url) # 協(xié)程對(duì)象
  task = asyncio.ensure_future(c) # 任務(wù)對(duì)象
  # task.add_done_callback(...)  # 綁定回調(diào)
  task_lst.append(task)

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() # 事件循環(huán)對(duì)象
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(task_lst)) # 注冊(cè),手動(dòng)掛起

線程池+requests模塊

# 線程池
import time
from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool

start_time = time.time()
url_list = [
  'www.1.com',
  'www.2.com',
  'www.3.com',
]
def get_request(url):
  print('正在下載...',url)
  time.sleep(2)
  print('下載完成!',url)

pool = Pool(3)
pool.map(get_request,url_list)
print('總耗時(shí):',time.time()-start_time)

兩個(gè)方法提升爬蟲(chóng)效率

起一個(gè)flask服務(wù)端

from flask import Flask
import time

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/bobo')
def index_bobo():
  time.sleep(2)
  return 'hello bobo!'

@app.route('/jay')
def index_jay():
  time.sleep(2)
  return 'hello jay!'

@app.route('/tom')
def index_tom():
  time.sleep(2)
  return 'hello tom!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
  app.run(threaded=True)

aiohttp模塊+單線程多任務(wù)異步協(xié)程

import asyncio
import aiohttp
import requests
import time

start = time.time()
async def get_page(url):
  # page_text = requests.get(url=url).text
  # print(page_text)
  # return page_text
  async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as s: #生成一個(gè)session對(duì)象
    async with await s.get(url=url) as response:
      page_text = await response.text()
      print(page_text)
  return page_text

urls = [
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/bobo',
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/jay',
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/tom',
]
tasks = []
for url in urls:
  c = get_page(url)
  task = asyncio.ensure_future(c)
  tasks.append(task)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))

end = time.time()
print(end-start)

# 異步執(zhí)行!
# hello tom!
# hello bobo!
# hello jay!
# 2.0311079025268555

'''
aiohttp模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)單線程+多任務(wù)異步協(xié)程
并用xpath解析數(shù)據(jù)
'''
import aiohttp
import asyncio
from lxml import etree
import time

start = time.time()
# 特殊函數(shù):請(qǐng)求的發(fā)送和數(shù)據(jù)的捕獲
# 注意async with await關(guān)鍵字
async def get_request(url):
  async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as s:
    async with await s.get(url=url) as response:
      page_text = await response.text()
      return page_text    # 返回頁(yè)面源碼

# 回調(diào)函數(shù),解析數(shù)據(jù)
def parse(task):
  page_text = task.result()
  tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
  msg = tree.xpath('/html/body/ul//text()')
  print(msg)

urls = [
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/bobo',
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/jay',
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/tom',
]
tasks = []
for url in urls:
  c = get_request(url)
  task = asyncio.ensure_future(c)
  task.add_done_callback(parse) #綁定回調(diào)函數(shù)!
  tasks.append(task)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))

end = time.time()
print(end-start)

requests模塊+線程池

import time
import requests
from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool

start = time.time()
urls = [
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/bobo',
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/jay',
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/tom',
]
def get_request(url):
  page_text = requests.get(url=url).text
  print(page_text)
  return page_text

pool = Pool(3)
pool.map(get_request, urls)
end = time.time()
print('總耗時(shí):', end-start)

# 實(shí)現(xiàn)異步請(qǐng)求
# hello jay!
# hello bobo!
# hello tom!
# 總耗時(shí): 2.0467123985290527

小結(jié)