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MySQL如何優(yōu)雅的備份賬號(hào)相關(guān)信息

更新時(shí)間：2020年08月28日 11:16:24 作者：MySQL技術(shù)

這篇文章主要介紹了MySQL如何優(yōu)雅的備份賬號(hào)相關(guān)信息，幫助大家更好的理解和學(xué)習(xí)MySQL，感興趣的朋友可以了解下

前言：

最近遇到實(shí)例遷移的問題，數(shù)據(jù)遷完后還需要將數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶及權(quán)限遷移過去。進(jìn)行邏輯備份時(shí)，我一般習(xí)慣將MySQL系統(tǒng)庫排除掉，這樣備份里面就不包含數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶相關(guān)信息了。這時(shí)候如果想遷移用戶相關(guān)信息可以采用以下三種方案，類似的我們也可以采用以下三種方案來備份數(shù)據(jù)庫賬號(hào)相關(guān)信息。（本文方案針對(duì)MySQL5.7版本，其他版本稍有不同）

1.mysqldump邏輯導(dǎo)出用戶相關(guān)信息

我們知道，數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶密碼及權(quán)限相關(guān)信息保存在系統(tǒng)庫mysql 里面。采用mysqldump可以將相關(guān)表數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出來如果有遷移用戶的需求我們可以按照需求在另外的實(shí)例中插入這些數(shù)據(jù)。下面我們來演示下：

#只導(dǎo)出mysql庫中的user，db，tables_priv表數(shù)據(jù) 
#如果你有針隊(duì)column的賦權(quán) 可以再導(dǎo)出columns_priv表數(shù)據(jù)
#若數(shù)據(jù)庫開啟了GTID 導(dǎo)出時(shí)最好加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF
mysqldump -uroot -proot mysql user db tables_priv -t --skip-extended-insert > /tmp/user_info.sql

#導(dǎo)出的具體信息
--
-- Dumping data for table `user`
--

LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','root','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B','N','2019-03-06 03:03:15',NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.session','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_na
tive_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native
_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29','N','2019-04-19 06:24:54',NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','read','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736','N','2019-04-19 06:27:45',NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test_user','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_passwor
d','*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17','N','2019-04-19 06:29:38',NULL,'N');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Dumping data for table `db`
--

LOCK TABLES `db` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','performance_schema','mysql.session','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N');
INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y');
INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('%','test_db','test','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N','N','N','Y','N','N','Y','Y','N','N','Y','N','N');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Dumping data for table `tables_priv`
--

LOCK TABLES `tables_priv` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','mysql','mysql.session','user','boot@connecting host','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select','');
INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','sys_config','root@localhost','2019-03-06 02:57:40','Select','');
INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('%','test_db','test_user','t1','root@localhost','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select,Insert,Update,Delete','');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

#在新的實(shí)例插入所需數(shù)據(jù) 就可以創(chuàng)建出相同的用戶及權(quán)限了

2.自定義腳本導(dǎo)出

首先拼接出創(chuàng)建用戶的語句：

SELECT
	CONCAT(
		'create user \'',
  user,
  '\'@\'',
  Host,
  '\''
  ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',
  authentication_string,
		'\';'
	) AS CreateUserQuery
FROM
	mysql.`user`
WHERE
	`User` NOT IN (
		'mysql.session',
		'mysql.sys'
	);
	
#結(jié)果 在新實(shí)例執(zhí)行后可以創(chuàng)建出相同密碼的用戶
mysql> SELECT
  -> CONCAT(
  -> 'create user \'',
  ->   user,
  ->   '\'@\'',
  ->   Host,
  ->   '\''
  ->   ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',
  ->   authentication_string,
  -> '\';'
  -> ) AS CreateUserQuery
  -> FROM
  -> mysql.`user`
  -> WHERE
  -> `User` NOT IN (
  -> 'mysql.session',
  -> 'mysql.sys'
  -> );
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CreateUserQuery                                         |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B';   |
| create user 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29';   |
| create user 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736';   |
| create user 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17'; |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后通過腳本導(dǎo)出用戶權(quán)限：

#導(dǎo)出權(quán)限腳本
#!/bin/bash 
#Function export user privileges 
 
pwd=root 
expgrants() 
{ 
 mysql -B -u'root' -p${pwd} -N $@ -e "SELECT CONCAT( 'SHOW GRANTS FOR ''', user, '''@''', host, ''';' ) AS query FROM mysql.user" | \
 mysql -u'root' -p${pwd} $@ | \
 sed 's/\(GRANT .*\)/\1;/;s/^\(Grants for .*\)/-- \1 /;/--/{x;p;x;}' 
} 
 
expgrants > /tmp/grants.sql
echo "flush privileges;" >> /tmp/grants.sql

#執(zhí)行腳本后結(jié)果
-- Grants for read@% 
GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';

-- Grants for root@% 
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

-- Grants for test@% 
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';

-- Grants for test_user@% 
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';

-- Grants for mysql.session@localhost 
GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON `performance_schema`.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';

-- Grants for mysql.sys@localhost 
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';

3.mysqlpump直接導(dǎo)出用戶

mysqlpump是mysqldump的一個(gè)衍生，也是MySQL邏輯備份的工具。mysqlpump可用的選項(xiàng)更多，可以直接導(dǎo)出創(chuàng)建用戶的語句及賦權(quán)的語句。下面我們來演示下：

#exclude-databases排除數(shù)據(jù)庫 --users指定導(dǎo)出用戶 exclude-users排除哪些用戶 
#還可以增加 --add-drop-user 參數(shù) 生成drop user語句
#若數(shù)據(jù)庫開啟了GTID 導(dǎo)出時(shí)必須加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF
mysqlpump -uroot -proot --exclude-databases=% --users --exclude-users=mysql.session,mysql.sys > /tmp/user.sql

#導(dǎo)出的結(jié)果
-- Dump created by MySQL pump utility, version: 5.7.23, linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64)
-- Dump start time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019
-- Server version: 5.7.23

SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0;
SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE;
SET SQL_MODE="NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0;
SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE;
SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00';
SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;
SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;
SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION;
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
CREATE USER 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';
CREATE USER 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';
SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE;
SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;
SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;
SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS;
SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS;
SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE;
-- Dump end time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019

#可以看出 導(dǎo)出結(jié)果只包含創(chuàng)建用戶及賦權(quán)的語句 十分好用
#mysqlpump詳細(xì)用法可參考：
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlpump.html

總結(jié)：

本篇文章介紹了三種導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶信息的方案，每種方案都給出了腳本并進(jìn)行演示。同時(shí) 這三種方案稍加以封裝都可以作為備份數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶權(quán)限的腳本?？赡苣氵€有其他方案，如：pt-show-grants等，歡迎分享出來哦，也歡迎大家收藏或者改造成更適合自己的腳本，說不定什么時(shí)候就會(huì)用到哦特別是一個(gè)實(shí)例有好多用戶時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)腳本更好用哈。

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