git 優(yōu)雅的撤銷中間某次提交方法

更新時(shí)間：2020年07月31日 10:06:15 作者：山鬼謠me

這篇文章主要介紹了git 優(yōu)雅的撤銷中間某次提交方法，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

環(huán)境

git : 2+

前言

最近兩天，公司的git合并代碼時(shí)，出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的問題，浪費(fèi)很多時(shí)間；
現(xiàn)在記錄下；
情況是這樣的，一個(gè)同事自己的本地分支（遠(yuǎn)程沒有），不知怎么的，有了別人開發(fā)分支的代碼，而他自己又不知道；
其在切換到主分支，并merge自己的分支，此時(shí)其已經(jīng)把別人正在開發(fā)的代碼都合并到了主分支。

到了晚上準(zhǔn)備升級時(shí)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)，主分支的代碼出了問題；此時(shí)版本庫是這樣的：

如圖 100047dcc這一步就有不該有的代碼；

而此時(shí)版本庫已經(jīng)提交過了很多次，現(xiàn)在的問題就是，如何撤銷掉100047dcc提交的代碼，并且保留其他人提交的代碼。

這個(gè)問題，折騰到了晚上9點(diǎn)半左右，嘗試了網(wǎng)上給出的：

git rebase -i commit_id
//再通過將pick改為drop

但是，實(shí)際的效果是，100047dcc代碼沒了，其他人提交的代碼也沒有了！
也就是給人感覺和git reset --hard be8c6f6dd沒有什么區(qū)別！

最后因?yàn)樘?，從提交記錄上看?code>100047dcc之后就一個(gè)人提交了代碼，所以就執(zhí)行了：

//先切一個(gè)備份分支
git branch -b master_tmp
//再執(zhí)行
git reset --hard be8c6f6dd

之后，那個(gè)人（也就是我）從備份分支上把文件拷貝回來—（因?yàn)槲沂侵苯釉谥鞣种细牡?，自己的分支并沒有代碼）。

第二天，我打算去拷貝文件，我執(zhí)行如下操作：

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git pull
remote: Counting objects: 44, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (23/23), done.
remote: Total 26 (delta 19), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (26/26), done.
From gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice
 + 1784b12...384decc master   -> origin/master (forced update)
  f8f2b19..eb33489 devyaomy  -> origin/devyaomy
 * [new branch]   master_tmp -> origin/master_tmp
Already up-to-date.

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 796 commits.
 (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working directory clean

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git push
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice.git
  384decc..1784b12 master -> master

簡單的說，我的操作就是兩步：
1git pull
2、git push
結(jié)果又把代碼還原回去了！

為啥呢？

雖然昨天晚上，把遠(yuǎn)程庫的版本回退到了正確的版本，但是我的本地主分支還是最新的commit，也就是說，相比遠(yuǎn)程庫，我本地庫是超前了多次提交，畢竟因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)程庫回退了嘛！

這個(gè)時(shí)候，我必須也得對本地庫進(jìn)行回退，回退到線上相同的commit節(jié)點(diǎn)才行。

這個(gè)時(shí)候，我做了以下幾個(gè)操作：

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git reset --soft 384deccaa6
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
Changes to be committed:
 (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    modified:  .gitignore
    modified:  conf/application.conf
    new file:  conf/hanlp.properties
    new file:  dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
    new file:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
    new file:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
    // 文件太多不一一顯示
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git reset --hard 384deccaa6

上面敲了很多命令，其實(shí)真正只需要git reset --hard 384deccaa6即可。

git reset --hard 384deccaa6

接下來，我開始復(fù)制粘貼，從備份分支上，把代碼拷貝下。
真的操蛋，這等于是增加工作量??！

revert 撤銷某次提交

到了下午，又有個(gè)同事干了類似我上午的操作。把不該有的代碼提交上去了！
這就麻煩了，雖然遠(yuǎn)程庫回退了！結(jié)果是要求凡是pull最新代碼的人，都得進(jìn)行本地回退的操作。
否則，就沒完沒了！

到了晚上，對著備份分支進(jìn)行測試，終于找到了優(yōu)雅的解決辦法！

這就是revert命令

該命令就是為撤銷某次提交而存在的；

首先，我是明白100047dcc這次提交是有問題的，這是問題的源頭；
也就是說，只要我們把這次提交的給撤銷了，就不會(huì)有問題了！

步驟一

$ git revert 100047dcc
error: Commit 100047dccb58f3ee5e27b0dfaf5c02ac91dc2c73 is a merge but no -m option was given.
fatal: revert failed

結(jié)果報(bào)錯(cuò)了，報(bào)了一個(gè)Commit is a merge but no -m option was given.

為什么呢？

如果100047dcc這只是一個(gè)普通的提交，其實(shí)是不會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)的！
但是，這是一個(gè)merge的提交。

那么在撤銷時(shí)，git并不知道我要撤銷具體哪次！如下圖：

這個(gè)時(shí)候，怎么辦呢？

我的做法

步驟二

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp)
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 1
error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs
hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths
hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'
hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'

我執(zhí)行了這樣的一個(gè)操作：

git revert 100047dcc -m 1

參數(shù) -m 就是指定要撤銷的那個(gè)提價(jià)，從左往右，從1開始數(shù)；也就是我撤銷的是ca4a7ff999。

接著其把代碼沖突，然后我就解決沖突，保留主分支的代碼，去掉那個(gè)人的代碼。

解決完沖突后，我執(zhí)行如下操作：

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git add -A

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master_tmp'.
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
 (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
 (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)

Changes to be committed:
 (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/datacentre/action/GetIncomeDistributeAction.java
    //文件太多省略。。。

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git commit -m "ceshi"
[master_tmp d2ae829] ceshi
 18 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 396 deletions(-)

我上面執(zhí)行的語句其實(shí)就是：

$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "ceshi"

步驟三

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp)
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 2
error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs
hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths
hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'
hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'

也就是執(zhí)行：

$ git revert 100047dcc -m 2

即撤銷be8c6f6dde的提交，這個(gè)時(shí)候也會(huì)提示代碼沖突了，

接著和上面一樣，解決沖突，在提交：

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit.
 (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
 (fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue")
 (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)

Changes to be committed:
 (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    modified:  .gitignore
    deleted:  conf/hanlp.properties
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java
    // 文件太多省略。。。

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git add -A

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit.
 (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
 (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
 (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)

Changes to be committed:
 (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    modified:  .gitignore
    modified:  conf/application.conf
    deleted:  conf/hanlp.properties
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
    deleted:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/hq/action/GetStockHistoryDynamicAction.java
    modified:  dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/keybordspirit/action/GetMyGroupStockIndexAction.java

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git commit -m "使用revert 版本號 -m 1或者2同時(shí)進(jìn)行撤銷某次提交測試"
[master_tmp 236da00] 使用revert 版本號 -m 1或者2同時(shí)進(jìn)行撤銷某次提交測試
 95 files changed, 2093 insertions(+), 10011 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 conf/hanlp.properties
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/BindMobileGG3Action.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/SendMobileCaptchaGG3Action.java
 rewrite dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mystocktags/service/MyStockTagService.java (82%)
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRankListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRecommendReportListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHonoraryAuthorListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotIndustryListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotStockListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotThemeListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetOrganRankListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/AuthorOrganRankCondition.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/HotReportCondition.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/service/HotReportService.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/AutoLoginAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/BindOuterChannelAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/EmailRegisterAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/GetUserAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/IsAccountExistAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LoginAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LogoutAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/OuterChannelLoginAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/RegisterAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/LoginService.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/RegisterService.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserCommonUtils.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserService.java

即：

$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "使用revert 版本號 -m 1或者2同時(shí)進(jìn)行撤銷某次提交測試"

可以看出刪除掉了那個(gè)人提交的文件。

最后一步

yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp)
$ git push

這樣就把那個(gè)人提交錯(cuò)誤的代碼給刪除了，其他人的本地分支也不需要版本回退了！
一次改好，到處OK！

總結(jié)

當(dāng)想撤銷中間某次提交時(shí)，強(qiáng)烈建議使用revert命令，而不是reset。
git reset –hard commit_id 雖然可以回退遠(yuǎn)程庫，但是其要求pull最新代碼的每個(gè)人的本地分支都要進(jìn)行版本回退。這樣就增加工作量了！

正確的步驟：

git revert commit_id
//如果commit_id是merge節(jié)點(diǎn)的話,-m是指定具體哪個(gè)提交點(diǎn)
git revert commit_id -m 1
//接著就是解決沖突
git add -A
git commit -m ".."
git revert commit_id -m 2
//接著就是解決沖突
git add -A
git commit -m ".."
git push

其中git revert commit_id -m 數(shù)字是針對，merge提交點(diǎn)的操作。
如果是普通的提交點(diǎn)，不需要這么麻煩。

參考地址：
[Git高級教程(二)] 遠(yuǎn)程倉庫版本回退方法
 https://www.cnblogs.com/ShaYeBlog/p/5368064.html
https://blog.csdn.net/hongchangfirst/article/details/49472913

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