在jupyter notebook中調用.ipynb文件方式

更新時間：2020年04月14日 10:23:29 作者：summer2day

這篇文章主要介紹了在jupyter notebook中調用.ipynb文件方式，具有很好的參考價值，希望對大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

正常來說在jupyter notebook 中只能調用.py文件，要想要調用jupyter notebook自己的文件會報錯。

Jupyter Notebook官網(wǎng)介紹了一種簡單的方法：

http://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/Notebook/Importing%20Notebooks.html

添加jupyter notebook解析文件

首先，創(chuàng)建一個python文件，例如Ipynb_importer.py，代碼如下：

import io, os,sys,types
from IPython import get_ipython
from nbformat import read
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell

class NotebookFinder(object):
 """Module finder that locates Jupyter Notebooks"""
 def __init__(self):
  self.loaders = {}

 def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
  nb_path = find_notebook(fullname, path)
  if not nb_path:
   return

  key = path
  if path:
   # lists aren't hashable
   key = os.path.sep.join(path)

  if key not in self.loaders:
   self.loaders[key] = NotebookLoader(path)
  return self.loaders[key]

def find_notebook(fullname, path=None):
 """find a notebook, given its fully qualified name and an optional path

 This turns "foo.bar" into "foo/bar.ipynb"
 and tries turning "Foo_Bar" into "Foo Bar" if Foo_Bar
 does not exist.
 """
 name = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
 if not path:
  path = ['']
 for d in path:
  nb_path = os.path.join(d, name + ".ipynb")
  if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
   return nb_path
  # let import Notebook_Name find "Notebook Name.ipynb"
  nb_path = nb_path.replace("_", " ")
  if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
   return nb_path

class NotebookLoader(object):
 """Module Loader for Jupyter Notebooks"""
 def __init__(self, path=None):
  self.shell = InteractiveShell.instance()
  self.path = path

 def load_module(self, fullname):
  """import a notebook as a module"""
  path = find_notebook(fullname, self.path)

  print ("importing Jupyter notebook from %s" % path)

  # load the notebook object
  with io.open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
   nb = read(f, 4)


  # create the module and add it to sys.modules
  # if name in sys.modules:
  # return sys.modules[name]
  mod = types.ModuleType(fullname)
  mod.__file__ = path
  mod.__loader__ = self
  mod.__dict__['get_ipython'] = get_ipython
  sys.modules[fullname] = mod

  # extra work to ensure that magics that would affect the user_ns
  # actually affect the notebook module's ns
  save_user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
  self.shell.user_ns = mod.__dict__

  try:
   for cell in nb.cells:
   if cell.cell_type == 'code':
    # transform the input to executable Python
    code = self.shell.input_transformer_manager.transform_cell(cell.source)
    # run the code in themodule
    exec(code, mod.__dict__)
  finally:
   self.shell.user_ns = save_user_ns
  return mod
sys.meta_path.append(NotebookFinder())

調用jupyter notebook module

只要在我們的工作目錄下放置Ipynb_importer.py文件，就可以正常調用所有的jupyter notebook文件。這種方法的本質就是使用一個jupyter notenook解析器先對.ipynb文件進行解析，把文件內(nèi)的各個模塊加載到內(nèi)存里供其他python文件調用。

新建一個文件foo.ipynb

def foo():
 print("foo")

再新建一個ipynb文件，調用foo這個文件

import Ipynb_importer
import foo
foo.foo()

運行結果如下：

importing Jupyter notebook from foo.ipynb
foo

補充知識：jupyter notebook_主函數(shù)文件如何調用類文件

使用jupyter notebook編寫python程序，rw_visual.jpynb是寫的主函數(shù)，random_walk.jpynb是類（如圖）。在主函數(shù)中將類實例化后運行會報錯，經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡查找解決了問題，缺少Ipynb_importer.py這樣一個鏈接文件。

解決方法：

1、在同一路徑下創(chuàng)建名為Ipynb_importer.py的文件：File-->download as-->Python(.py)，該文件內(nèi)容如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
# In[ ]:
 
import io, os,sys,types
from IPython import get_ipython
from nbformat import read
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
 
class NotebookFinder(object):
 """Module finder that locates Jupyter Notebooks"""
 def __init__(self):
  self.loaders = {}
 
 def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
  nb_path = find_notebook(fullname, path)
  if not nb_path:
   return
 
  key = path
  if path:
   # lists aren't hashable
   key = os.path.sep.join(path)
 
  if key not in self.loaders:
   self.loaders[key] = NotebookLoader(path)
  return self.loaders[key]
 
def find_notebook(fullname, path=None):
 """find a notebook, given its fully qualified name and an optional path
 This turns "foo.bar" into "foo/bar.ipynb"
 and tries turning "Foo_Bar" into "Foo Bar" if Foo_Bar
 does not exist.
 """
 name = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
 if not path:
  path = ['']
 for d in path:
  nb_path = os.path.join(d, name + ".ipynb")
  if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
   return nb_path
  # let import Notebook_Name find "Notebook Name.ipynb"
  nb_path = nb_path.replace("_", " ")
  if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
   return nb_path
 
class NotebookLoader(object):
 """Module Loader for Jupyter Notebooks"""
 def __init__(self, path=None):
  self.shell = InteractiveShell.instance()
  self.path = path
 
 def load_module(self, fullname):
  """import a notebook as a module"""
  path = find_notebook(fullname, self.path)
 
  print ("importing Jupyter notebook from %s" % path)
 
  # load the notebook object
  with io.open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
   nb = read(f, 4)
 
 
  # create the module and add it to sys.modules
  # if name in sys.modules:
  # return sys.modules[name]
  mod = types.ModuleType(fullname)
  mod.__file__ = path
  mod.__loader__ = self
  mod.__dict__['get_ipython'] = get_ipython
  sys.modules[fullname] = mod
 
  # extra work to ensure that magics that would affect the user_ns
  # actually affect the notebook module's ns
  save_user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
  self.shell.user_ns = mod.__dict__
 
  try:
   for cell in nb.cells:
   if cell.cell_type == 'code':
    # transform the input to executable Python
    code = self.shell.input_transformer_manager.transform_cell(cell.source)
    # run the code in themodule
    exec(code, mod.__dict__)
  finally:
   self.shell.user_ns = save_user_ns
  return mod
sys.meta_path.append(NotebookFinder())

2、在主函數(shù)中import Ipynb_importer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import Ipynb_importer
 
from random_walk import RandomWalk
 
rw = RandomWalk()
rw.fill_walk()
plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, s=15)
plt.show()

3、運行主函數(shù)，調用成功

ps:random_walk.jpynb文件內(nèi)容如下：

from random import choice
 
class RandomWalk():
 def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
  self.num_points = num_points
  self.x_values = [0]
  self.y_values = [0]
  
 def fill_walk(self):
  while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
   x_direction = choice([1,-1])
   x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
   x_step = x_direction * x_distance
   
   y_direction = choice([1,-1])
   y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
   y_step = y_direction * y_distance
   
   if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
    continue
    
   next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
   next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
   
   self.x_values.append(next_x)
   self.y_values.append(next_y)

運行結果：