def function1() :
 """
 這是這個(gè)程序的說明文字
 """
 print("hello function")
 return 1

function1()

def pass_function():
 pass

if a>0:
 pass

print("------通過全局改變量--------")
print("before:",x)
def test_globol():
 global x
 x=6

test_globol()
print("after_test_globol:",x)

>>> int("abc")
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<pyshell#37>", line 1, in <module>
 int("abc")
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc'
>>> int ('10')
10

>>> int('10','12')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<pyshell#46>", line 1, in <module>
 int('10','12')
TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

"""
if not isinstance(參數(shù),(參數(shù)允許的類型1，允許的類型2...))
 raise TypeError('自定義參數(shù)錯(cuò)誤提示')
"""

def my_int(x):
 if not isinstance(x,int):
  raise TypeError("你輸入的不是整數(shù)")
 print(x)

def num002(a,b):
 print(a,b)

keynum002("haha","helloworld")#a->"haha",b->"helloworld"

#如果有參數(shù)沒有默認(rèn)值，那么這個(gè)“必需”參數(shù)定義的時(shí)候要在默認(rèn)參數(shù)前
def student2(name="aotuman",sex,age=18):
 print(name,sex,age)
student("lili","m")

print("默認(rèn)參數(shù)的內(nèi)存問題".center(50,"-"))
def student3(name,sex,age=18):
 print(name,sex,age,id(age))


student3("lili","m")
student3("lilei","f")
#結(jié)果顯示在使用默認(rèn)參數(shù)的情況下，id(age)的內(nèi)存指向相同
#所以要注意使用指向類的變量（列表.....）

student3("hanmeimei","m",17)

def my_append(x,list1=[]):
 list1.append(x)
 print(list1)

my_append("haha")
my_append("hehe")
#結(jié)果顯示默認(rèn)參數(shù)中留下了上一次結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)

print("改良結(jié)果".center(50,"-"))
def my_append2(x,list1=None):
 if list1 is None:
  list1=[]
 list1.append(x)
 print(list1)

#關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，在輸入?yún)?shù)時(shí)，顯式指定參數(shù)
print("\n-----關(guān)鍵參數(shù)-------")
def keynum002(a,b):
 print(a,b)

keynum002(b="haha",a="helloworld")

"""
keynum002(b="haha","helloworld") #這是不行的，關(guān)鍵參數(shù)是不能在位置參數(shù)前面的
"""

>>> def can_change(l):
 print("%s %s" % (l[0],l[1]))

 
>>> l1=["apple","pen"]
>>> can_change(l1)
apple pen

def change34(value1,*value2,**value3):
 print(value1,end='\t')
 print(value2,end='\t')
 print(value3,end='\t')
change34((1,2))#* ** 有默認(rèn)值
print("\n")
change34(*(1,2))#1溢出到前面的value1
print("\n")
change34(*(1,2),{1:1,2:2})#{1:1,2:2}溢出到前面的value2
print("\n")
change34("value1",*(1,2),**{'1':1,'2':2})
print("\n")
print("test2".center(50,'-'))

def test2(**args):#**可以接受關(guān)鍵參數(shù),*只能接受位置參數(shù)
 print(args)
test2(x=1,y=2,c=3)
test2(**{'x':1,'y':2,'c':3})

>>> a=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> def change(x):
 x.append("changed")

 
>>> change(a)
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 'changed']

def test2(x):
 print(id(x))

test2(x)
print(id(x))#同一片內(nèi)存指向