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python/Matplotlib繪制復變函數(shù)圖像教程

更新時間：2019年11月21日 09:19:08 作者：落葉_小唱

今天小編就為大家分享一篇python/Matplotlib繪制復變函數(shù)圖像教程，具有很好的參考價值，希望對大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

今天發(fā)現(xiàn)sympy依賴的庫mpmath里也有很多數(shù)學函數(shù)，其中也有在復平面繪制二維圖的函數(shù)cplot，具體例子如下

from mpmath import *

def f1(z):
 return z

def f2(z):
 return z**3

def f3(z):
 return (z**4-1)**(1/4)

def f4(z):
 return 1/z

def f5(z):
 return atan(z)

def f6(z):
 return sqrt(z)

cplot(f1)
cplot(f2)
cplot(f3)
cplot(f4)
cplot(f5)
cplot(f6)

參照matlab繪制復變函數(shù)的例子，使用python實現(xiàn)繪制復變函數(shù)圖像，網(wǎng)上還沒搜到相關(guān)的文章，在這里分享出來供大家學習。

'''
參照matlab繪制復變函數(shù)的例子，創(chuàng)建函數(shù)cplxgrid,cplxmap,cplxroot
'''
# 1.導入相關(guān)庫
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import *

# 2.創(chuàng)建函數(shù)
def cplxgrid(m):
 '''Return polar coordinate complex grid.

 Parameters
 ----------
 m: int

 Returns
 ----------
 z: ndarray,with shape (m+1)-by-(2*(m+1))
 '''
 m = m
 r = np.arange(0,m).reshape(m,1) / m
 theta = np.pi * np.arange(-m,m) / m
 z = r * np.exp(1j * theta)

 return z

def cplxroot(n=3,m=20):
 '''
 cplxroot(n): renders the Riemann surface for the n-th root
 cplxroot(): renders the Riemann surface for the cube root.
 cplxroot(n,m): uses an m-by-m grid. Default m = 20.

 Use polar coordinates, (r,theta).
 Use polar coordinates, (r,theta).

 Parameters
 ----------
 n: n-th root
 m: int

 Returns
 ----------
 None: Plot the Riemann surface
 '''
 m = m+1
 r = np.arange(0,m).reshape(m,1) / m
 theta = np.pi * np.arange(-n * m, n * m) / m
 z = r * np.exp(1j * theta)
 s = r * (1/n) * np.exp(1j * theta / n)
 fig = plt.figure()
 ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection='3d')
 # ax.plot_surface(np.real(z),np.imag(z),np.real(s),color = np.imag(s))
 ax.plot_surface(np.real(z),np.imag(z),np.real(s),cmap = plt.cm.hsv)
 ax.set_xlim((-1,1))
 ax.set_ylim((-1,1))
 ax.set_xlabel('Real')
 ax.set_ylabel('Imag')
 ax.set_xticks([])
 ax.set_yticks([])
 ax.set_zticks([])
 ax.set_autoscalez_on(True)#z軸自動縮放 
 ax.grid('on')
 plt.show()

def cplxmap(z,cfun):
 '''
 Plot a function of a complex variable.

 Parameters
 ----------
 z: complex plane
 cfun: complex function to plot

 Returns
 ----------
 None: Plot the surface of complex function
 '''
 blue = 0.2
 x = np.real(z)
 y = np.imag(z)
 u = np.real(cfun)
 v = np.imag(cfun)
 M = np.max(np.max(u))#復變函數(shù)實部最大值
 m = np.min(np.min(u))#復變函數(shù)實部最大值
 s = np.ones(z.shape)
 fig = plt.figure()
 ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection='3d')
 # 投影部分用線框圖
 surf1 = ax.plot_wireframe(x,y,m*s,cmap=plt.cm.hsv)
 surf2 = ax.plot_surface(x,y,u,cmap=plt.cm.hsv)

 #繪制復變函數(shù)1/z時會出錯，ValueError: Axis limits cannot be NaN or Inf
 # ax.set_zlim(m, M) 
 ax.set_xlim((-1,1))
 ax.set_ylim((-1,1))
 ax.set_xlabel('Real')
 ax.set_ylabel('Imag')
 ax.set_xticks([])
 ax.set_yticks([])
 ax.set_zticks([])
 ax.set_autoscalez_on(True)#z軸自動縮放

 ax.grid('on')
 plt.show()

def _test_cplxmap():
 '''測試cplxmap函數(shù)'''
 z = cplxgrid(30)
 w1 = z
 w2 = z**3
 w3 = (z**4-1)**(1/4)
 w4 = 1/z
 w5 = np.arctan(2*z)
 w6 = np.sqrt(z)
 w = [w1,w2,w3,w4,w5,w6]
 for i in w:
 cplxmap(z,i)

def _test_cplxroot():
 '''測試cplxroot函數(shù)'''
 cplxroot(n=2)
 cplxroot(n=3)
 cplxroot(n=4)
 cplxroot(n=5)

if __name__ == '__main__':
 _test_cplxmap()
 _test_cplxroot()