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在SpringBoot中使用JWT的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法

更新時(shí)間：2018年12月20日 17:15:22 作者：固安李慶海

這篇文章主要介紹了在SpringBoot中使用JWT的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法，詳細(xì)的介紹了什么是JWT和JWT實(shí)戰(zhàn)，小編覺得挺不錯(cuò)的，現(xiàn)在分享給大家，也給大家做個(gè)參考。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

JWT簡(jiǎn)介

簡(jiǎn)介

JSON Web token簡(jiǎn)稱JWT，是用于對(duì)應(yīng)用程序上的用戶進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證的標(biāo)記。也就是說, 使用 JWTS 的應(yīng)用程序不再需要保存有關(guān)其用戶的 cookie 或其他session數(shù)據(jù)。此特性便于可伸縮性, 同時(shí)保證應(yīng)用程序的安全。

在身份驗(yàn)證過程中, 當(dāng)用戶使用其憑據(jù)成功登錄時(shí), 將返回 JSON Web token, 并且必須在本地保存 (通常在本地存儲(chǔ)中)。每當(dāng)用戶要訪問受保護(hù)的路由或資源 (端點(diǎn)) 時(shí), 用戶代理(user agent)必須連同請(qǐng)求一起發(fā)送 JWT, 通常在授權(quán)標(biāo)頭中使用Bearer schema。后端服務(wù)器接收到帶有 JWT 的請(qǐng)求時(shí), 首先要做的是驗(yàn)證token。

JWT的格式

JWT就是一個(gè)字符串，經(jīng)過加密處理與校驗(yàn)處理的字符串，形式為：A.B.C

A由JWT頭部信息header加密得到

B由JWT用到的身份驗(yàn)證信息json數(shù)據(jù)加密得到

C由A和B加密得到，是校驗(yàn)部分

怎樣使用token？

可以放到HTTP請(qǐng)求的請(qǐng)求頭中，通常是Authorization字段。

流程圖

jwt流程圖.png

JWT 實(shí)戰(zhàn)

加入Maven jwt 依賴

<dependency>
 <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
 <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
 <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

在application.proterties中加入配置

# 加密yan
jwt.secret=A0B1C2D3E4F5G6H7I8J9KALBMCNDOEPFQ0R1S2T3U4V5W6X7Y8Z9
# tocken 過期時(shí)間，單位秒
jwt.expire=300
# 需要認(rèn)證的url，多個(gè)URL使用英文逗號(hào),分割
jwt.authorised-urls=/apis/fis/redis/**

JwtHelper工具類

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;

public class JwtHelper {
  private Long EXPIRATION_TIME;
  private String SECRET;
  private final String TOKEN_PREFIX = "Bearer";
  private final String HEADER_STRING = "Authorization";

  public JwtHelper(String secret, long expire) {
    this.EXPIRATION_TIME = expire;
    this.SECRET = secret;
    System.out.println("正在初始化Jwthelper，expire="+expire);
  }

  public JSONObject generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
    Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
    c.setTime(new Date());
    c.add(Calendar.SECOND, EXPIRATION_TIME.intValue());
    Date d = c.getTime();
    String jwt = Jwts.builder()
        .setClaims(claims)
        .setExpiration(d)
        .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET)
        .compact();
    JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
    json.put("token",TOKEN_PREFIX + " " + jwt);
    json.put("token-type", TOKEN_PREFIX);
    json.put("expire-time",new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:ss:mm").format(d) );
    return json;
  }

  public Map<String, Object> validateTokenAndGetClaims(HttpServletRequest request) {
    String token = request.getHeader(HEADER_STRING);
    System.out.println("token is:"+token);
    if (token == null) {
      return null;
    } 
    Map<String, Object> body = Jwts.parser()
        .setSigningKey(SECRET)
        .parseClaimsJws(token.replace(TOKEN_PREFIX, ""))
        .getBody();
    return body;
  }
}

JWT過濾器JwtFilter

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.util.AntPathMatcher;

/**
 * JWT過濾器
 * 
 * @author 李慶海
 *
 */
public class JwtFilter implements Filter {
  private JwtHelper jwtHelper;
  private List<String> urls = null;
   private static final org.springframework.util.PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();
  public JwtFilter(JwtHelper jwtHelper, String[] authorisedUrls) {
    this.jwtHelper = jwtHelper;
    urls = Arrays.asList(authorisedUrls);
  }

  @Override
  public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    //SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext(this, filterConfig.getServletContext());
  }

  @Override
  public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
    HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
    httpResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    httpResponse.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
    httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
    if ("OPTIONS".equals(httpRequest.getMethod())) {
      httpResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT.value()); // HttpStatus.SC_NO_CONTENT = 204
      httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
      httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, x-requested-with, Token");
      httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "OPTIONS,GET,POST,DELETE,PUT");
    }
    String spath = httpRequest.getServletPath();
    try {
      // 驗(yàn)證受保護(hù)的接口
      for (String url : urls) {
        if (pathMatcher.match(url, spath)) {
          Object token = jwtHelper.validateTokenAndGetClaims(httpRequest);
          if (token != null) {
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            return;
          }else{
             httpResponse.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED, "未授權(quán)或者授權(quán)已經(jīng)過期");
             return;
          }
        }else{
          chain.doFilter(request, response);
          return;
        }
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    chain.doFilter(request, response);
    return;
  }

  @Override
  public void destroy() {

  }
}

配置JWT

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import cn.com.yd.fis.client.jwt.JwtFilter;
import cn.com.yd.fis.client.jwt.JwtHelper;

@Configuration
public class JwtConfig {

  @Value("${jwt.secret}")
  private String secret;

  @Value("${jwt.expire}")
  private long expire;

  @Value("${jwt.authorised-urls}")
  private String[] authorisedUrls;

  @Bean
  public JwtHelper jwtHelperBean() {
    return new JwtHelper(secret, expire);
  }

  @Bean
  public FilterRegistrationBean basicFilterRegistrationBean() {
    FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    JwtFilter filter = new JwtFilter(jwtHelperBean(), authorisedUrls);
    registrationBean.setFilter(filter);
    List<String> urlPatterns = new ArrayList<String>();
    urlPatterns.add("/*");
    registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(urlPatterns);
    return registrationBean;
  }
}

在Controller中使用JWT

此處僅為說明jwt的用法，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)可以根據(jù)具體的業(yè)務(wù)需要加入不同的或者更多的參數(shù)，一并作為claims進(jìn)行參數(shù)傳遞。

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.com.yd.fis.client.jwt.JwtHelper;
import cn.com.yd.fis.client.util.JsonResult;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiParam;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("${api-url}/auth")
public class AuthorizeController {

  @Autowired
  private JwtHelper jwtHelper;

  @PostMapping("/login")
  public Object login(String loginName,String password) throws Exception {
    Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    claims.put("loginName", loginName);
    if ("1".equals(password)) {
      return JsonResult.success(jwtHelper.generateToken(claims));
    } else {
      return JsonResult.fail("登錄帳號(hào)或者登錄密碼錯(cuò)誤");
    }
  }
}

輔助工具類JsonResult

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

public class JsonResult {
  public static JSONObject success(Object obj) {
    JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
    json.put("state", true);
    json.put("msg", "成功");
    if (null != obj) {
      json.put("obj", obj);
    }
    return json;
  }

  public static JSONObject fail(Object obj) {
    JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
    json.put("state", false);
    json.put("msg", "失敗");
    if (null != obj) {
      json.put("obj", obj);
    }
    return json;
  }

  public static JSONObject toJSONObject(boolean state, String msg, Object obj) {
    JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
    json.put("state", state);
    json.put("msg", msg);
    if (null != obj) {
      json.put("obj", obj);
    }
    return json;
  }
}

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