Python實(shí)現(xiàn)爬蟲設(shè)置代理IP和偽裝成瀏覽器的方法分享

更新時(shí)間：2018年05月07日 09:14:54 作者：Jepson2017

今天小編就為大家分享一篇Python實(shí)現(xiàn)爬蟲設(shè)置代理IP和偽裝成瀏覽器的方法分享，具有很好的參考價(jià)值，希望對大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

1.python爬蟲瀏覽器偽裝

#導(dǎo)入urllib.request模塊
import urllib.request
#設(shè)置請求頭
headers=("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0")
#創(chuàng)建一個(gè)opener
opener=urllib.request.build_opener()
#將headers添加到opener中
opener.addheaders=[headers]
#將opener安裝為全局
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#用urlopen打開網(wǎng)頁
data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

2.設(shè)置代理

#定義代理ip
proxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808"
#設(shè)置代理
proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandle({'http':proxy_addr})
#創(chuàng)建一個(gè)opener
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandle)
#將opener安裝為全局
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#用urlopen打開網(wǎng)頁
data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

3.同時(shí)設(shè)置用代理和模擬瀏覽器訪問

#定義代理ip
proxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808"
#創(chuàng)建一個(gè)請求
req=urllib.request.Request(url)
#添加headers
req.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
#設(shè)置代理
proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandle("http":proxy_addr)
#創(chuàng)建一個(gè)opener
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandle)
#將opener安裝為全局
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#用urlopen打開網(wǎng)頁
data=urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

4.在請求頭中添加多個(gè)信息

import urllib.request
page_headers={"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0",
       "Host":"www.baidu.com",
       "Cookie":"xxxxxxxx"
       }
req=urllib.request.Request(url,headers=page_headers)
data=urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

5.添加post請求參數(shù)

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
#設(shè)置post參數(shù)
page_data=urllib.parse.urlencode([
                  ('pn',page_num),
                  ('kd',keywords)
                  ])
#設(shè)置headers
page_headers={
     'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0',
     'Connection':'keep-alive',
     'Host':'www.lagou.com',
     'Origin':'https://www.lagou.com',
     'Cookie':'JSESSIONID=ABAAABAABEEAAJA8F28C00A88DC4D771796BB5C6FFA2DDA; user_trace_token=20170715131136-d58c1f22f6434e9992fc0b35819a572b',
     'Accept':'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
     'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
     'Referer':'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98?labelWords=&fromSearch=true&suginput=',
     'X-Anit-Forge-Token':'None',
     'X-Requested-With':'XMLHttpRequest'
     }
#打開網(wǎng)頁
req=urllib.request.Request(url,headers=page_headers)
data=urllib.request.urlopen(req,data=page_data.encode('utf-8')).read().decode('utf-8')

6.利用phantomjs模擬瀏覽器請求

#1.下載phantomjs安裝到本地,并設(shè)置環(huán)境變量
from selenium import webdriver
bs=webdriver.PhantomJS()
#打開url
bs.get(url)
#獲取網(wǎng)頁源碼
url_data=bs.page_source
#將瀏覽到的網(wǎng)頁保存為圖片
bs.get_screenshot_as_file(filename)

7.phantomjs設(shè)置user-agent和cookie

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
dcap = dict(DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
dcap["phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = ("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0")
bs = webdriver.PhantomJS(desired_capabilities=dcap)
bs.get(url)
#刪除cookie
bs.delete_all_cookies()
#設(shè)置cookie
#cookie格式：在瀏覽器cookie中查看，一個(gè)cookie需要包含以下參數(shù)，domain、name、value、path
cookie={
  'domain':'.www.baidu.com', #注意前面有.
  'name':'xxxx', 
  'value':'xxxx', 
  'path':'xxxx'
  }
#向phantomjs中添加cookie
bs.add_cookie(cookie)

8.利用web_driver工具

#1.下載web_driver工具（如chromdriver.exe）及對應(yīng)的瀏覽器
#2.將chromdriver.exe放到某個(gè)目錄，如c:\chromdriver.exe
from selenium import webdriver
driver=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:\chromdriver.exe")
#打開url
driver.get(url)

以上這篇Python實(shí)現(xiàn)爬蟲設(shè)置代理IP和偽裝成瀏覽器的方法分享就是小編分享給大家的全部內(nèi)容了，希望能給大家一個(gè)參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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