python操作mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫

更新時間：2017年03月05日 14:17:54 作者：前程明亮

本篇文章主要介紹了python操作mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的相關(guān)知識，具有很好的參考價值。下面跟著小編一起來看下吧

一、數(shù)據(jù)庫基本操作

1. 想允許在數(shù)據(jù)庫寫中文，可在創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫時用下面命令

create database zcl charset utf8;

2. 查看students表結(jié)構(gòu)

desc students;

3. 查看創(chuàng)建students表結(jié)構(gòu)的語句

show create table students;

4. 刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫

drop database zcl;

5. 創(chuàng)建一個新的字段

alter table students add column nal char(64);　

PS: 本人是很討厭上面這種“簡單解釋+代碼”的博客。其實(shí)我當(dāng)時在mysql終端寫了很多的實(shí)例，不過因為當(dāng)時電腦運(yùn)行一個看視頻的軟件，導(dǎo)致我無法Ctrl+C/V?，F(xiàn)在懶了哈哈~~

二、python連接數(shù)據(jù)庫

python3不再支持mysqldb。其替代模塊是PyMySQL。本文的例子是在python3.4環(huán)境。

1. 安裝pymysql模塊

pip3 install pymysql

2. 連接數(shù)據(jù)庫，插入數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)例

import pymysql
#生成實(shí)例，連接數(shù)據(jù)庫zcl
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
#生成游標(biāo)，當(dāng)前實(shí)例所處狀態(tài)
cur = conn.cursor()
#插入數(shù)據(jù)
reCount = cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)',('Jack','man',25,1351234,"CN"))
reCount = cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)',('Mary','female',18,1341234,"USA"))
conn.commit() #實(shí)例提交命令 
cur.close()
conn.close()
print(reCount)

查看結(jié)果:

mysql> select* from students;
+----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
+----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+
rows in set

3. 獲取數(shù)據(jù)

import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('select* from students')
res = cur.fetchone() #獲取一條數(shù)據(jù)
res2 = cur.fetchmany(3) #獲取3條數(shù)據(jù)
res3 = cur.fetchall() #獲取所有(元組格式)
print(res)
print(res2)
print(res3)
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()

輸出:

(1, 'zcl', 'man', 22, '15622341234', None)
((2, 'alex', 'man', 30, '15622341235', None), (5, 'Jack', 'man', 25, '1351234', 'CN'), (6, 'Mary', 'female', 18, '1341234', 'USA'))
()

三、事務(wù)回滾

事務(wù)回滾是在數(shù)據(jù)寫到數(shù)據(jù)庫前執(zhí)行的，因此事務(wù)回滾conn.rollback()要在實(shí)例提交命令conn.commit()之前。只要數(shù)據(jù)未提交就可以回滾，但回滾后ID卻是自增的。請看下面的例子:

插入3條數(shù)據(jù)(注意事務(wù)回滾):

import pymysql
#連接數(shù)據(jù)庫zcl
conn=pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
#生成游標(biāo)，當(dāng)前實(shí)例所處狀態(tài)
cur=conn.cursor()
#插入數(shù)據(jù)
reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)', ('Jack', 'man', 25, 1351234, "CN"))
reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)', ('Jack2', 'man', 25, 1351234, "CN"))
reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)', ('Mary', 'female', 18, 1341234, "USA"))
conn.rollback() #事務(wù)回滾
conn.commit() #實(shí)例提交命令 
cur.close()
conn.close()
print(reCount)

未執(zhí)行命令前與執(zhí)行命令后(包含回滾操作)(注意ID號): 未執(zhí)行上面代碼與執(zhí)行上面代碼的結(jié)果是一樣的!!因為事務(wù)已經(jīng)回滾，故students表不會增加數(shù)據(jù)!

mysql> select* from students;
+----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
| 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
+----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
rows in set

執(zhí)行命令后(不包含回滾操作):只需將上面第11行代碼注釋。

mysql> select* from students;
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
| 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
| 10 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 11 | Jack2 | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 12 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
rows in set

總結(jié)：雖然事務(wù)回滾了，但I(xiàn)D還是自增了，不會因回滾而取消，但這不影響數(shù)據(jù)的一致性（底層的原理我不清楚~）

四、批量插入數(shù)據(jù)

import pymysql
#連接數(shù)據(jù)庫zcl
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
#生成游標(biāo)，當(dāng)前實(shí)例所處狀態(tài)
cur = conn.cursor()
li = [
 ("cjy","man",18,1562234,"USA"),
 ("cjy2","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
 ("cjy3","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
 ("cjy4","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
 ("cjy5","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
]
#插入數(shù)據(jù)
reCount = cur.executemany('insert into students(name,sex,age,tel,nal) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)', li)
#conn.rollback() #事務(wù)回滾
conn.commit() #實(shí)例提交命令
cur.close()
conn.close()
print(reCount)

pycharm下輸出: 5

mysql終端顯示:

mysql> select* from students; 　 #插入數(shù)據(jù)前
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
| 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
| 10 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 11 | Jack2 | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 12 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
rows in set


mysql> 
mysql> select* from students;　　　#插入數(shù)據(jù)后
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel | nal |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| 1 | zcl | man | 22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
| 2 | alex | man | 30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
| 5 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 6 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
| 10 | Jack | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 11 | Jack2 | man | 25 | 1351234 | CN |
| 12 | Mary | female | 18 | 1341234 | USA |
| 13 | cjy | man | 18 | 1562234 | USA |
| 14 | cjy2 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA |
| 15 | cjy3 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA |
| 16 | cjy4 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA |
| 17 | cjy5 | man | 18 | 1562235 | USA |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
rows in set

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