C# 對(duì)象持久化詳解

更新時(shí)間：2017年02月13日 10:30:55 作者：飛翔的月亮

本文介紹的是除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之外的幾種對(duì)象持久化方式。具有很好的參考價(jià)值，下面跟著小編一起來(lái)看下吧

對(duì)象持久化是指將內(nèi)存中的對(duì)象保存到可永久保存的存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備中（如磁盤）的一種技術(shù)。

本文介紹的是除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之外的幾種對(duì)象持久化方式。

具體如下：

保存成文本：即將內(nèi)存對(duì)象以字節(jié)流的方式保存到文本中。
序列化成Xml:即將對(duì)象以Xml的格式存儲(chǔ)。
序列化成Json:即將對(duì)象序列化成Json對(duì)象，然后存儲(chǔ)。
序列化成二進(jìn)制：即將對(duì)象序列化成二進(jìn)制字節(jié)流保存到文件中。

涉及知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

序列化與反序列化
文件流的讀寫
ListView顯示復(fù)選框，并橫向排列

如下圖所示【主要功能是將用戶輸入的信息保存成各種格式，并從各個(gè)文檔中進(jìn)行讀取出來(lái)】：

保存和讀取文本文檔代碼如下：

/// <summary>
  /// 保存成文本
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnSaveTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   Dictionary<string, string> dicInfos = GetDictionaryInfos();
   string filePath = "objPerson.txt";
   //采用using關(guān)鍵字，會(huì)自動(dòng)釋放
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
   {
    using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default))
    {
     foreach (var keyPair in dicInfos)
     {
      sw.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}={1}", keyPair.Key, keyPair.Value));
     }
    }
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 從文本中讀取
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnReadTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   string filePath = "objPerson.txt";
   Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();
   //采用using關(guān)鍵字，會(huì)自動(dòng)釋放
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
   {
    using (StreamReader sw = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Default))
    {
     while (!sw.EndOfStream) {
      string lineInfo = sw.ReadLine();
      dic.Add(lineInfo.Split('=')[0], lineInfo.Split('=')[1]);
     }
    }
   }
   this.txtName.Text = dic["Name"];
   this.dtBirthday.Text = dic["Birthday"];
   if (dic["Gender"] == this.rbBoy.Text)
   {
    this.rbBoy.Checked = true;
   }
   else {
    this.rbGirl.Checked = true;
   }
   string[] loves = dic["Love"].Split('|');
   foreach (var love in loves)
   {
    foreach (var item in this.lsvLove.Items)
    {
     ListViewItem li = item as ListViewItem;
     if (li.Text == love)
     {
      li.Checked = true;
     }
    }
   }
  }

保存和讀取Xml文檔代碼如下：

/// <summary>
  /// 保存成Xml
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnSaveXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   Person p = GetPersonInfos();
   string filePath = "objPerson.xml";
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
   {
    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));
    serializer.Serialize(fs, p);
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 從Xml中讀取
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnReadXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   string filePath = "objPerson.xml";
   Person p;
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
   {
    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));
    object obj= serializer.Deserialize(fs);
    p = obj as Person;
   }
   SetPersonInfos(p);
  }

保存和讀取Json文檔如下：

/// <summary>
  /// 保存成Json
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnSaveJson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   Person p = GetPersonInfos();
   JavaScriptSerializer jserializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
   string strJson = jserializer.Serialize(p);
   string strRegex = @"\\/Date\((\d+)\)\\/";
   MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertJsonDateToDateString);

   //對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行處理，需要引用System.Text.RegularExpressions;命名空間
   Regex reg = new Regex(strRegex);
   strJson = reg.Replace(strJson, evaluator);
   string filePath = "objPerson.json";
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
   {
    using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default))
    {
     sw.Write(strJson);
    }
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 從Json中讀取
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnReadJson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   JavaScriptSerializer jserializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
   string filePath = "objPerson.json";
   Person p;
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
   {
    using (StreamReader sw = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Default))
    {
     string strJson = sw.ReadToEnd();
     string strRegex = @"\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}";
     MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertDateStringToJsonDate); //對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行處理
     Regex reg = new Regex(strRegex);
     strJson = reg.Replace(strJson, evaluator);
     p = jserializer.Deserialize<Person>(strJson);
    }
   }
   SetPersonInfos(p);
  }

保存和讀取Bin文檔如下：

/// <summary>
  /// 保存成二進(jìn)制文件
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnSaveBin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   Person p = GetPersonInfos();
   string filePath = "objPerson.bin";
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create)) {
    BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
    bf.Serialize(fs, p);
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 讀取二進(jìn)制文件
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnReadBin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   string filePath = "objPerson.bin";
   Person p;
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
   {
    BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
    p= bf.Deserialize(fs) as Person;
   }
   SetPersonInfos(p);
  }

備注：其實(shí)對(duì)象持久化和對(duì)象序列化是兩個(gè)不同的概念。兩者有關(guān)聯(lián)卻不同。

對(duì)象持久化：是使對(duì)象可以保存到實(shí)體存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)中，在對(duì)象生命周期結(jié)束后可以再現(xiàn)。

對(duì)象序列化：是將對(duì)象或者數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化成特定的格式，使其可在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中傳輸，或者可存儲(chǔ)在內(nèi)存或者文件中。

以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望本文的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作能帶來(lái)一定的幫助，同時(shí)也希望多多支持腳本之家！

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